Research Proposal Global Warming and Western United States Wildfires Essay Example

Research Proposal: Global Warming and Western United States Wildfires Essay Over the recent years wildfires have been rampant phenomena in the Western United States of America. One thing as been noted about the trends of the wildfires, that they are more intensive during the hotter seasons, when the spring temperatures come earlier and the summer temperatures get hotter. The purpose of this research paper is to conduct a study that will provide data showing the link between increase in temperature due to global warming and the occurrence of climate driven fires. The paper will provide scientifically-backed evidence from books, renowned journals, and other reliable sources to show that the increase in wildfires in the Western United States is as a result of global warming. Statement of the Problem or Research Questions(s) In order to provide a factually backed argument that will support the purpose statement the study will seek to answer a number of questions that includes; Are wildfires considered a natural disaster or are they a product of man made disasters? How do the yearly snowmelts affect seasonal wildfires? Data observation of seasonal temperature changes, what is the scientific link between changing and the frequency and intensity of wildfires? What are the significant changes that make conditions favorable for wildfires? What models of predictions exist that causes conditions for wildfires? What are the economical losses due to the wildfires? How has the wildfires affected the environment and are there a negative or a positive effect on the ecosystems? In order to provide an argument that can be defended, sufficient data will be collected that will be comprised of vital information about the research studies used such as the duration of time covered by the data collected, methods used in ana lyzing the data, and findings. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal: Global Warming and Western United States Wildfires specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal: Global Warming and Western United States Wildfires specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal: Global Warming and Western United States Wildfires specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Theoretical Framework Theoretically, this paper will oscillate within the boundaries of the theory of Complex Self-organizing Systems. According to the theory, things do not happen on their own, they happen because someone or something has made them to happen. This is an indicator of a reflection of a fantasy of power over life and the world. The theory holds that most systems consist of interacting parts and behavior of the system as a whole, and that no part controls the whole or even another part.   Such systems are referred to as â€Å"Self-organizing† and the behavior of the components referred to as â€Å"emergent.† [Lemke (n.d.)] Similarly, this research study’s hypothesis holds that wildfires do not just occur as a result of dropping of flammable materials in the forests but they occur as a result of global warming. Hypothesis (Statements of the Hypothesis) Wildfires may be caused by both manmade and natural factors. For instance, man can accidentally start a fire by unknowingly throwing flammable objects on dead and dry trees and shrubs, the work of arsonists is also another manmade activity. On the other hand natural factors such as lightening and global warming have been noted to contribute immensely in the increase of the frequency of wildfires. For purposes of this paper’s research study scope, a narrowed down approach will be adopted, that: global warming will be discussed as the main factor behind the frequent wildfires in the Western United States of America. Sufficient evidence shows that, global warming that brings about extreme climatic changes is the cause for wildfires that have been on the increase in the Western region of the United States. According to Running, (2006), the escalation of wildfire activity in the western United States is directly linked to the increase in temperatures (global warming). He contends t hat â€Å"Higher temperatures and earlier snowmelts are extending the wildfire season and increasing the intensity of wildfires in the Western United States.† (pp. 927-928) Significance of the Study Natural hazards cause hundreds of deaths and cost billions in disaster aid, disruption of commerce and trade, destruction of homes and critical infrastructure.   Wildfires are an example of such growing natural hazards that poses a threat to life and property. Despite themselves causing numerous deaths and loss of property directly, they are indirectly equally disastrous, in that, they increase the potential for flooding and landslides. The smoke and other gaseous emissions that emanate from wildfires contain pollutants that can cause significant health problems. The more the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere the more the increase of the risk of wildfires occurrences. It is hoped that the study’s findings and recommendations will help impart the much needed knowledge about the causes of the wildfires that have been a menace to in the western United States. This knowledge will help to clear some notions that people may have been holding in regards to the causes of wildfires. More importantly, if people acquire the knowledge on the causes of the wildfires then they will definitely put measures in place for fighting them. For instance, it is known that the United States of America is one of the greatest emitters of green house gases into the atmosphere which end up contributing to global warming; therefore this will be used as a good reason for need to enact policies that will restrict the emission of the greenhouse gases. Research Design and Methods The nature of this research study demands for an approach that will employ theoretical knowledge proposing a generalization between the two key variables.   This approach will enable the researcher to take an objective position to treat the phenomena hard and real. In light of this, then the most appropriate approach for the study is quantitative approach. This approach will allow for the use of empirical evidence gathered from other related studies and attempt to test hypotheses or statements in regards to this evidence with view to making a generalization between the key variables. Further, this approach involves the measuring, counting, collecting and analyzing of numerical data and application of statistical tests to the collected data. Research Design and Instrumentation Definition of key Variables Wildfires: According to Blaikie et al, hazards such as hurricanes, typhoons, earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic explosions, flooding, wildfires must interact with social systems and human vulnerability to qualify the status of â€Å"disasters†. The definition of a natural disaster is pegged on the hazard-vulnerability interaction. This is to say that a natural hazard will never result into a natural disaster if it occurs in areas without vulnerability e.g. strong earthquakes happening in uninhabited lands. However, the most sensitive issue is establishing the cause of disasters. For instance, whereas some disasters are directly caused by mans activities others are caused by natural factors such as global warming, lightening, earthquake, etc. Wildfires for instance, are an example of natural disasters that are mainly caused by changes in climatic conditions. A wildfire, also known as, forest fire, vegetation fire, or bush fire, is an uncontrolled fire in wild land that are caused by both man activities and natural factors such as global warming and lightening. A fire requires three basic things to burn: fuel, oxygen, and heat. In the case of wildfires the fuel is trees, shrubs, and grasses, especially those that are dead and dry. The air in our atmosphere which is made up of 21% of oxygen, supplies the oxygen that the wildfires needs to burn. On the other hand, the high temperatures supply heat. [Blaikie et al (2003)] Global Warming: Global warming is the increase in the average temperatures of the earth near-surface air and the oceans since the mid-twentieth century and its projected continuation. It is believed that the major cause of global warming is the excess emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. This causes the depletion of the ozone layer which protects the excess penetration of strong radiations from the sun. A slight increase in global temperatures can cause ice sheets to melt, rivers to dry, deserts to encroach, trees to dry and shed leaves, and other forms of desert like situations. There exists sufficient researched evidence that indicates that these desert-like situations are responsible for the increase in the frequency of wildfires. [Climate Change (2007)] Research Study Sources This research study involves two variables (global warming: independent and wildfires: dependent) which are directly linked to one another. In order to investigate the interrelation between these two variables, findings of various articles that describe research studies carried out by other researchers on the issue will be studied. This paper will utilize findings from reliable research studies only. In ‘reliable research studies’ it is referred to those studies whose findings were published in reputable journals, have been peer reviewed, or were presented in global meetings on climate as compiled reports. Only those articles that are published in journals such as Science Express, Climate Change, National Wildlife, and PNAS will be utilized. Each article’s findings and other relevant data will be treated independently in order to have an independent comparison at the end of the study that will lead to. There are many articles that discusses the issue of wildfires as a natural hazard caused by natural factors such as lightening, however, in order to offer tangible support to the study’s purpose statement and hypothesis, major emphasis will be put on those articles that discusses global warming as the core factor to the increase in wildfires on the Western United States (as the purpose statement boldly states). Sampling Procedures The research study will not involve the visiting of sites where wildfires have been experienced as there is enough empirical information in journal articles, books and other publications that discusses more about wildfires. However, only empirical evidence that supports this research study purpose statement will be sampled. Justification of Case Studies Selected In this study a total of six research studies carried during different times by different researchers will be used as the primary sources of information. The selection of the case studies was based on the fact that they dedicate a larger part of their finding in acknowledging that global warming is the main causal agent of wildfires. Again, they are all peer reviewed journal articles which published in renowned journals or were presented to national or international climatic change forums. The case studies are: Running’s (2006) Climate Change: Is Global Warming causing More, Larger Wildfires, published in Science Express journal; Tolme’s, (2004) Will Global Warming Cause More Wildfires? Published in National Wildlife journal; Marlon’s (2009), Wildfires responses to abrupt climate change in North America. Published by PNAS; Westerling et al (2006) Warming and earlier spring increase western U.S. Forest fire activity, published in Science Express Journal; Fried et al (2004) The Impact of Climatic Change on Wildfire Severity: A Regional Forecast for Northern California, published in Climate Change journal, and; Kitzberger et al (2007) Contingent Pacific-Atlantic Ocean influence on Multi-Century Wildfire Synchrony Over Western North America, published in PNAS. Data Analysis Data collected from the findings of the case study will be subjected to content analysis. This method of data analysis suits the nature of this study and the nature of the resource materials used in the study. The approach allows for the scrutinizing at documents, text and speech and takes only the major themes of such texts. It is theory driven (i.e., what the researcher is interested in).The method will involve the reading of the whole research studies and then more emphasis will be put on those areas of the study that talks about the theme of this study. After that the collected empirical data will be subjected to further analysis in order to point out unique aspects of every research study that are related to this study’s hypothesis. These unique aspects will then be compiled together to form a strong claim that can support the purpose statement of this study. Big chunks of information will be tackled first then the small chunks will follow afterwards to avoid duplication of efforts.

Free Essays on Antony and Cleopatra

Explain how Shakespeare uses language in ‘Antony and Cleopatra’ to depict the two main protagonists. The epic love affair of Antony and Cleopatra is a great and powerful love shared by two people at the height of their fame and glory. Plutarch’s ‘Life of Antonius’ is the principal source, and Shakespeare has blended this factual evidence together with fiction and drama to create a play that is strikingly different from many of his other works, especially in terms of theme, structure and the impressive and most descriptive language used. Plutarch wrote in the first century AD, probably not more than a hundred years after the death of Antony, but soon enough to hear personal experiences from his great grandfather about the battle of Actium, and from even his grandfather about Antony’s generous entertaining in Alexandria. He was a Greek philosopher, and so his sympathies ran more towards his fellow countrymen than the Roman subjects of his detailed studies. Shakespeare, distilling North’s version at the time when his creative skills were at their height, was able to use both the language and the stories exactly to suit his intentions. In many cases he remains remarkably faithful to the original, for example in the famous speech by Enobarbus praising Cleopatra (II.2.193), but he sometimes left out unfavourable comments and expanded the material, adding his own events in order to create his plays and to evoke the special atmosphere for his verse translation from the prose of the biographer. Plutarch’s account of Antony and Cleopatra is so vivid because of his use of sources that were personal to the characters, such as Cleopatra’s doctor’s notes, but also his own memories of Egypt, which was the first country he visited on his travels. Shakespeare has smoothly condensed Plutarch’s account of eleven years of Antony’s history into a swiftly moving plot, filled with intense sensibility, revealing the dee... Free Essays on Antony and Cleopatra Free Essays on Antony and Cleopatra Explain how Shakespeare uses language in ‘Antony and Cleopatra’ to depict the two main protagonists. The epic love affair of Antony and Cleopatra is a great and powerful love shared by two people at the height of their fame and glory. Plutarch’s ‘Life of Antonius’ is the principal source, and Shakespeare has blended this factual evidence together with fiction and drama to create a play that is strikingly different from many of his other works, especially in terms of theme, structure and the impressive and most descriptive language used. Plutarch wrote in the first century AD, probably not more than a hundred years after the death of Antony, but soon enough to hear personal experiences from his great grandfather about the battle of Actium, and from even his grandfather about Antony’s generous entertaining in Alexandria. He was a Greek philosopher, and so his sympathies ran more towards his fellow countrymen than the Roman subjects of his detailed studies. Shakespeare, distilling North’s version at the time when his creative skills were at their height, was able to use both the language and the stories exactly to suit his intentions. In many cases he remains remarkably faithful to the original, for example in the famous speech by Enobarbus praising Cleopatra (II.2.193), but he sometimes left out unfavourable comments and expanded the material, adding his own events in order to create his plays and to evoke the special atmosphere for his verse translation from the prose of the biographer. Plutarch’s account of Antony and Cleopatra is so vivid because of his use of sources that were personal to the characters, such as Cleopatra’s doctor’s notes, but also his own memories of Egypt, which was the first country he visited on his travels. Shakespeare has smoothly condensed Plutarch’s account of eleven years of Antony’s history into a swiftly moving plot, filled with intense sensibility, revealing the dee...

EMERGENCY NURSING DISCUSSION 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

EMERGENCY NURSING DISCUSSION 3 - Essay Example Introduction of such a rule has several implications, both positive and negative, both of which will be discussed in this essay. The main positive outcome of this rule is formal addressing of the established "access block"of eight hours, which was a burden on the emergency departments and had adverse impact on the care of the patient. Thus, the new "access block" standard is four hours and this is enforced with high level of compliance, thereby solving the access block problem. Implementation of the rule forces hospital administrations to take responsibility for the access block problem. Also, ramifications pertaining to patient flow is beyond only ED problem and the hospital gets involved in it. Another major advantage of this rule is that it forces the staff to assess and manage patients at an early stage, thus enhancing the role of clinical judgment, without merely depending on laboratory diagnosis (Cadogan, 2009). The four hour rule has some negative effects too. It causes increased stress because of increased number of after hour shifts, 24- hour emergency consultant cover and increase in weekend shifts. Such stress, without punitive penalties can lead to gaming of figures, facts and flow of patients. The stress can also cause reduction in the standard of care delivered in the emergency room. Also, the autonomy of the emergency physician can get denuded which can in turn impact the patients negatively. The rule increases the propensity for adverse patient outcomes and here are high chances for the patients to get discharged early without a proper diagnosis. Some experts opine that excellence in patient flow will be rewarded than appropriate patient care (Cadogan,

Operating Systems and Networking Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Operating Systems and Networking - Assignment Example To make computing technology effective, one of the leading giants, L'Oreal launched an online learning system for its 60,000 employees in 58 countries. The idea is to provide the employees an individual learning room. Moreover, in a broader context, the online system is designed to meet long term training requirements and expectations of L'Oreal employees. In addition, the online learning system will also support the functional requirements of the organization. The architectural benefit of the online system involves the creation of learning methods and tools including traditional classroom workshops, on job learning, distance learning, demonstration of training videos and creative learning of the web 2.0. Furthermore, the system will aid L'Oreal to modify and maintain training material whereas remaining elastic to meet training needs, that change from time to time (L'Oreal decides CERTPOINT is worth it for staff. 2009). Although there is no comparison of these two organizations, must an application operating on a computer network with loaded learning tools, will certainly add value to the company. The new network implementation will facilitate the company with intranet application, staff communication, and self-learning tools. The intranet application will aid in employees to communicate with each other via emails. The documentation is always a hassle when maintained manually, intranet application facilitates managed documentation with online filling of forms that can be saved in the hard drive or data storage. Moreover, sharing of these forms with almost anyone on the network is also an advantage. Furthermore, certain announcements and memos can also be received via email or on the dashboard of intranet applications. Information related to training center and student can be managed digitally, enabling the organization to maintain paperwork more efficiently. Online charts and graphs related to student performance, company performance, tutors performance and cha nges in higher management are viable on the site instantly that improves communication better within the employees. In addition, online surveys and suggestions are always considered due to efficient response and eliminate hassle of paper work (, Intranet - advantage, type, benefits, cost, Intranet applications, Designing an intranet, The cost of setting up and running an intranet ). Moreover, the computer network will provide shared resources and centralized administration. The shared resources may include videos and course material related to beauty training, which will assist students. Beauty Salons with IT Enabled Services Beauty Studio based in South Africa is aiding its employees and customer by Information technology integration. The business definition of the ‘Beauty Studio’ is â€Å"We are a established clinic that aim to provide clients with a professional service and a skilled touch† The salon covers almost all types of professional services including p ermanent makeup, lash extensions and ‘botox and filetrs’ (, Beauty Studio Salon). Moreover, the software incorporated in the salon is named as ‘body care gate’. This software is designed to cover beauty salon and spa facilitates with massage therapy software, practice software that is free in cost, it shares the feature of integration of customer data. Furthermore, billing, invoicing, scheduling appointments, monitoring receivables,

Anger looking at different articles and compare and contrast Essay

Anger looking at different articles and compare and contrast - Essay Example But in this modern age and with the advancement of science, experts are viewing anger in a different perspective and are trying to understand the significance and impact it has on physical and mental health of an individual. In Jane E. Bhody’s account on â€Å"Venting anger may do more harm than good† (New York Times, March 8th, 1983) she speaks of a number of modern treatment techniques by different experts. One such, was a controversial book authored by social psychologist Dr. Carol Tavris called â€Å"Anger: The Misunderstood Emotion† (Simon and Shuster) According to her, anger is more destructive when it is expressed than when it is suppressed. But this view tends to limit the role of venting ones anger, than what is popularly practiced today. Research carried out has built a growing body of evidence that proves that though venting anger may reduce some forms of illness, it may actually enhance or contribute to others. The psychologist states that â€Å"People who are most prone to give vent to their rage, get angrier not less angry†. (Dr. Carol Tavris) The example she gives us is marital arguments where one person’s anger triggers or provokes its opponent to respond in a similar fashion. According to psychoanalyst Dr. Leo Maddow’s â€Å"get-the-anger-out† and â€Å"be honest with each other† can be quite destructive for the very fact that there is a face to face out burst of conflicting emotions. This can be disastrous especially in big companies, if workers are going to confront each other with anger; the healthy and peaceful atmosphere of the company is put on the line. Another view by a New York Psychiatrist Dr. Willard Gaylin, describes that the ventilation of anger is â€Å"a form of public littering†. (Dr. Willard Gaylin) He believes that though â€Å"happiness is held up as the main goal of life† (Gaylin) yet people alienate themselves from it. He adheres this to the technological

Drug Induced Schizophrenia: Causation Analysis

Drug Induced Schizophrenia: Causation Analysis Drug Induced Schizophrenia Often, when people associate schizophrenia with individuals most people very seldom understand that this mental illness disorder can be associated with the abuse of illegal drug use. The impact that drug induced schizophrenia has on the user and the repercussions from the extension of the emotional hardships brought upon the user’s family are staggering. This paper will set in place an understanding of the risks associated with illegal, recreational drugs, which can be a caustic combinations of poisonous chemicals introduced into the body causing serious and sometimes irreversible damage to the human brain and psyche. Drugs like cocaine, cannabis, and hallucinogens can cause mental health problems and, when paired with a pre-existing mental illness, can exacerbate the symptoms of such illnesses. Some drugs, when taken frequently for long periods of time, can actually manifest as psychotic symptoms indicative of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, according to the Australian Government’s National Drug Strategy (dualdiagnosis.org/drug-addiction/psychosis). Symptoms of drug-induced psychosis and schizophrenia may occur when a drug user has a mental illness prior to drug use. It may be hard to identify symptoms that are exclusively due to the drug use itself. Most symptoms, if the condition is unrelated to drugs, will continue after abstinence from the drug. The opposite is true for drug-induced psychosis; the schizophrenic-like effects will more or less subside after the drug wears off. However, this is not true for all drug users as frequent and prolonged use can cause side effects that last up to years after use discontinues (dualdiagnosis.org/drug-addiction/psychosis). Because drugs cause interruptions in the absorption and release of brain chemicals like serotonin or dopamine, the internal structure and function of the brain changes as use continues (Rosenthal, 1997). Essentially re-mapping the chemical functions of the brain, much in the same way as a police officer re-routing traffic on a roadway or completely blocking access to t he roadway altogether. With heavy, long-term use, nearly any drug can cause symptoms of psychosis in the user. A few, however, tend to be more closely correlated with drug-induced psychosis than others. Stimulants such as cocaine and amphetamines can contribute to psychotic symptoms that can last days, months, and years after the drug use stops. Long-term use is attributed to loss of memory and problems with concentration. In a study noted in the Journal of Psychiatric Practice, about one-half of cocaine users showed psychotic symptoms after use. When freebased or used with a needle (intravenously), the risk for these experiences increase dramatically (dualdiagnosis.org/drug-addiction/psychosis). Delusions attributed to alcohol can cause disorientation, disorganized speech and mental confusion. In most cases, these effects go into remission when sobriety occurs. Alcohol is also one of the most widely abused substances, along with marijuana and cocaine. Psychedelic drugs like phencyclidine (PCP) and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) affect the user in a way that mimics actual psychosis, according to the U.S. National Library of Medicine. These hallucinogen drugs, however, are not shown to induce psychosis with the first use. The symptoms are more prevalent after repeated use of the drug over a period of time. Schizophrenia is often difficult to identify in most individuals. Addiction and mental illness mimicking schizophrenic episodes can be difficult to diagnose with the incredible diversity and breadth of tolerances individuals have relating to the reaction their bodies and cognitive brain function have to the absorption through tissues, metabolic rates and other physiologica l factors to foreign chemicals when introduces into the body. Those individuals that show symptoms or clear cognitive dysfunction are sometimes referred to by lay people as having a scrambled or short-circuited brain. That description is indicative of schizophrenic behavior. There are also clear signs of recognition to the condition that correlate with drug abuse and schizophrenic behaviors such as problems with law enforcement or legal problems, sporadic homelessness, reoccurring use of the emergency room or a chronic need for hospitalization (Kosten, 1997). Psychotic symptoms present themselves among individuals who are enthralled in heavy illicit drug use. The good news with these psychotic users who reach treatment, over half are consistently documented as positively responding to treatment with the use of ant-psychotic drugs coupled with individual and group counseling within one to six months. The bad news is for success with abstinence to continue with a drug induced schizophrenic patient requires them to conform to counseling and a consistent regiment with no deviation of the prescribed ant-psychotic medications (Rosenthal, 1997). This is the downside of this particular mental decease, when a patient begins something similar to normalcy a great majority of them discontinue all treatment including counseling and prescribed medication believing they no longer need the intervention because of their confidence and belief they are functioning well and do not attribute their continued improvement of their mental health to the medical in tervention (Rosenthal, 1997). Amongst one of the most dangerous and damaging drug to the function of the brain is the abuse of amphetamines. Amphetamines permanently damage neurological routing with no ability to repair brain function loss in the frontal lobe that controls personality and emotional behavior of amphetamine users, the scariest part of this particular drug is the user does not have to have an extended history of illicit use; the neurological damage begins to occur with the first use of amphetamines (Kokkinidis, 1980). Psychosis or schizophrenia can set in with these users almost immediately based on their physiological ability or inability to tolerate hard narcotic use. It is believed that the over activity of dopamine in the brain is a leading cause of schizophrenia and the use of un-prescribed illicit drugs exacerbates psychotic behaviors. While it is true those individuals under the influence of alcohol can exhibit psychotic or schizophrenic behavior it is rarely long lasting and if observed over a long period of time would probably move out of the realm of actually being schizophrenic. Alcohol is a depressant and lowers brain chemical functioning within an individual causing a loss of inhibition, an inability to be rationale, and decreased emotional ability that can appear childlike to the opposite end of the spectrum of violence with their behavior due to alcohol blocking dopamine production. Studies are leaning that the opposite might be true with narcotic use that drive the production of dopamine causing euphoria, anxiousness, and paranoia (Bowers, 1980). An interesting study shows that a large segment of schizophrenic illness lies within the minority community and the illness combined with illegal drug use and illegal activity has certainly blinded law enforcement professionals with the problem of this particular mental illness and the damaging affects it is having on the minority population that in large goes unrecognized do to the disparity of race between law enforcement and the offender (Ruiz, 1982). When users with mental illness and certainly predisposed minorities to drug induced metal illness such as schizophrenia are labeled offenders in the criminal justice system those patients are being mislabeled and find themselves amongst the incarcerated, instead of hospitalization as appropriately needed (Ruiz, 1982). Once these users or patients are incarcerated the chance of receiving services that are needed are almost non-existent within U.S. prisons. Funding is not available for these types of inmates to be properly supervised a nd medically treated. Staff within most prison facilities are not equipped or provided training to address schizophrenia or psychosis on a meaningful basis of supervision other than to supervise the schizophrenic inmates living existence (Ruiz, 1982). On the opposite side of the incarcerated offender is the user on the street that is left to function in a world he/she is not equipped to function in. There is almost no city in the United States equipped with resources to handle the overwhelming influx of uninsured mental health patients. Most people who are inflicted with this disease do not have the ability to maintain employment and have often exhausted or alienated themselves from family members and all other support that is needed (Ruiz, 1982). Contributing to the cycle of drug induced schizophrenia is the lack of stability in individuals from the increase levels of dopamine being produced in their brain. When abnormally high levels of dopamine are present it can contribute to manic episodes, loss of sleep and long periods of duration that an individual is awake without R.E.M. sleep can have immediate negative effects on the psychological well-being of the user. Lack of sleep and over a period of time lack of consistent sleep due to drug use can lead to psychosis amongst drug users who are in a high state of dopamine arousal (Roman, 1972). Also contributing to the sleep loss psychosis is the inability to recognize diminished physical and mental abilities and there affects due to the combined mental illness and drug use. Often these are the circumstances that create the perfect recipe for a drug induced schizophrenic subject to become irritable, confused and then becomes violent because they irrationally believe they are in danger, thus acting out in a manner in which the schizophrenic subject is convinced they are appropriately reacting to an event when in reality the event is not real. Conclusion While researchers agree that drug induced schizophrenia is difficult to understand in the realm of the causation coming from predisposed physiological mental conditions or physical destruction from chemical drug abuse. There is an overwhelming agreement that the subject that is in battled with psychotic or schizophrenic disease coupled with drug addiction is immersed in a very difficult fight for proper diagnosis, access to care and avoiding the labels of being criminally culpable for a condition that is no longer in the subjects control. The difficulty not only lies with the mentally ill, but with their families and the helplessness that accompanies these individuals disease. The cost of revolving incarceration is a high factor with no positive result for the addicted user and for society. The reevaluation of schizophrenic and psychotic subjects from drug use as an area of criminal and social justice that continues to be ignored by no doubt the incredibly high cost of treating these individuals and the very low rate of compliance that data has so far shown for success is a primary cause of denial for proper treatment.

Progress And Movement In America Essay -- essays research papers

Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary defines progress as â€Å"to develop to a higher, better, or more advanced stage.† In today’s society, there are many views on the educational and economic progress of African Americans. They have encountered many stages during the civil rights movement such as Jim Crow Laws; and are now entrepreneurs; middle-class Americans, and some attend college. Despite this, presently, African American achievement has not been as significant since. The question at hand is that in modern times, is it â€Å"progress or just purely movement†? (Morrison) The Civil Rights Movement was a political, legal, and social struggle to gain full citizenship rights for black Americans and to achieve racial equality. The civil rights movement was first and foremost a challenge to segregation, the system of laws and customs separating blacks and whites that whites used to control blacks after slavery was abolished in the 1860s. During the civil rights movement, individuals and civil rights organizations challenged segregation and discrimination with a variety of activities, including protest marches, boycotts, and refusal to abide by segregation laws. Many believe that the movement began with the Montgomery bus boycott in 1955 and ended with the Voting Rights Act of 1965, though there is debate about when it began and whether it has ended yet. The civil rights movement has also been called the Black Freedom Movement, the Negro Revolution, and the Second Reconstruction. (Encarta) ...

Obituary

Acknowledgement The Family gratefully acknowledges and appreciates the cards, flowers, telephone call, visits and other kind deeds and expressions The Family Sometimes it’s hard to understand Why certain things must be And the reason why it happens Are often hard to see. To some, you may be forgotten To others just a part of the past But to us who loved you and lost you, Your memory will always last. The Children Tommy Glover January 14, 1956 – December 21, 2009 What we have done for ourselves alone dies with us; what we have done for others and the world remains and is immortal. † Albert Pike Celebration of Tommy Saturday December 26, 2009 Pensacola Beach, Pensacola Fl Obituary Thomas Glover was born January 14, 1956. He was the son of James and Irene Glover. He departed this life December 21, 2009 at his home in Pensacola FL. He leaves to cherish his loving memories: Five Children, Malissa (Joshua) Williams, Of Wallingford CT Jeannette Glover of West Haven CT, T ommy Glover of Milford CT, Trisha Glover New Haven CT.He also leaves his loving fiance Mary Freeman and three siblings. Joseph Glover (brother) Bridgeport CT, James Glover Jr. (brother) of Hemingway NC, Ann Glover (sister) of Bridgeport CT Five grandchildren, Barden Michaels, Tommy Glover 3rd, Nathan Glover, Elijah Glover, Taylor Thomas, Ajiana Williams I believe that imagination is stronger than knowledge, that myth is more potent that history. I believe that dreams are more powerful than facts – that hope always triumphs over experience – that laughter is the only cure for grief.And I believe that love is stronger than death — From one of Dads favorite movie, The Crow Opening Song†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦I'm Your Angel- R. Kelly and Celine Dion Prayer†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Evangelist James Glover Scriptu res: Old Testament†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Rev. Charletta Johnson New Testament†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Rev. Charletta Johnson Solo†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Sarah Freeman Words from the children Remarks from friends and familyAcknowledgments†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. James Glover Song†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Angel – Sarah McLachlan Song †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. One Sweet Day Mariah Carey Boyz 2 Men Eulogy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Rev. Charleeta Johnson Release of doves†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Children Benediction Please Join us at the Home of are Late Father as we being to celebrate his eternal life

Free Essays on Banking

So Much for That Plan "More than 70% of commercial bank assets are held by organizations that are supervised by at least two federal agencies; almost half attract the attention of three or four. Banks devote on average about 14% of their non-interest expense to complying with rules" (Anonymous 88). A fool can see that government waste has struck again. This tangled mess of regulation, among other things, increases costs and diffuses accountability for policy actions gone awry. The most effective remedy to correct this problem would be to consolidate most of the supervisory responsibilities of the regulatory agencies into one agency. This would reduce costs to both the government and the banks, and would allow the parts of the agencies not consolidated to concentrate on their primary tasks. One such plan was introduced by Treasury Secretary Lloyd Bentsen in March of 1994. The plan called for folding, into a new independent federal agency (called the Banking Commission), the regulatory portions of the Off ice of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), the Federal Reserve Board, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), and the Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS). This plan would save the government $150 to $200 million a year. This would also allow the FDIC to concentrate on deposit insurance and the Fed to concentrate on monetary policy (Anonymous 88). Of course this is Washington, not The Land of Oz, so everyone can't be satisfied with this plan. Fed Chairman Alan Greenspan and FDIC Chairman Ricki R. Tigert have been vocal opponents of the plan. Greenspan has four major complaints about the plan. First, divorced from the banks, the Fed would find it harder to forestall and deal with financial crises. Second, monetary policy would suffer because the Fed would have less access to review the banks. Thirdly, a supervisor with no macroeconomic concerns might be too inclined to discourage banks from taking risks, slowing the economy ... Free Essays on Banking Free Essays on Banking So Much for That Plan "More than 70% of commercial bank assets are held by organizations that are supervised by at least two federal agencies; almost half attract the attention of three or four. Banks devote on average about 14% of their non-interest expense to complying with rules" (Anonymous 88). A fool can see that government waste has struck again. This tangled mess of regulation, among other things, increases costs and diffuses accountability for policy actions gone awry. The most effective remedy to correct this problem would be to consolidate most of the supervisory responsibilities of the regulatory agencies into one agency. This would reduce costs to both the government and the banks, and would allow the parts of the agencies not consolidated to concentrate on their primary tasks. One such plan was introduced by Treasury Secretary Lloyd Bentsen in March of 1994. The plan called for folding, into a new independent federal agency (called the Banking Commission), the regulatory portions of the Off ice of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), the Federal Reserve Board, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), and the Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS). This plan would save the government $150 to $200 million a year. This would also allow the FDIC to concentrate on deposit insurance and the Fed to concentrate on monetary policy (Anonymous 88). Of course this is Washington, not The Land of Oz, so everyone can't be satisfied with this plan. Fed Chairman Alan Greenspan and FDIC Chairman Ricki R. Tigert have been vocal opponents of the plan. Greenspan has four major complaints about the plan. First, divorced from the banks, the Fed would find it harder to forestall and deal with financial crises. Second, monetary policy would suffer because the Fed would have less access to review the banks. Thirdly, a supervisor with no macroeconomic concerns might be too inclined to discourage banks from taking risks, slowing the economy ...

Employment Relations in Modern Australian Work Place

Employment Relations in Modern Australian Work Place Introduction Employment relationship is a legal framework linking employers and their employees to ensure a sustained interaction in their organizations. More specifically, ER is an economic, social and political relationship between employers and employees which provides manual and mental labor in exchange for the rewards allotted by employers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Employment Relations in Modern Australian Work Place specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With the rise of modernism, there has been need for inclusion of psychological element in the employment relationships to enhance better and more coherent relationship between employees and employers. It should be noted that, employment relations defines the rights and commitments made between the employers and employees. Employers in various organizations build good relationship with their employees by creating favorable working conditions, capable of creatin g psychological satisfaction for them (Ackers 2002: 15). Through cordial relationship between employers and employees, facilitated a well structured legal system, high productivity in the organization is expected since the employees are highly motivated. Traditionally, psychological contract were relied to establish cordial relationship between employers and their employees. Psychological contracts involves the understanding the understanding the people have regarding the commitments made between the employers and the employees which is initially established during the recruitment process where the employees and the employer discuss deeply their eventual relationship. This paper will discuss the extent in which traditional theories of employment helps us in understanding the modern Australian workplace. According to the contract of employment common law, employers have the obligatory duty to care the employees, pay wages, provide work, provide support, safe working environment and m aintain relationship of trust and confidence with the employees. As revealed by Kaufman (2008: 327), in the Modern Australian work place employers are actively engaged in providing their employees with favorable working terms regardless of the genders. It should be noted that, traditional employment patterns were characterized by lack of equity on jobs distribution between the genders. More specifically, women were given less job opportunities than men.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conversely, the current Australian job environment has seen more chances being granted to women in the job markets as a result of the establishment of employment laws inhibiting discrimination on the basis of gender. As revealed by Bell Head (1994: 17), the core elements of employment relationships in Australia today are exchange, effort bargain, inequality and commodification. Throu gh commodification, employees are usually used as means to an end, other than an end itself. Generally, the above are the main elements involved in employment relationships. With regard to some traditional employment theories like the Marxist theory, employers and employees are brought out as having constant conflicts in terms of work conditions. Since employers are usually idle and do very little in their organizations, Marx describes this situation as creating low esteem and morale among the employees. With employee given huge amounts of work and being paid fewer wages than the employer would get, conflict between the employers and employees seem to persist. However, the current situation in the Australian modern workplace is dominated by legal regulations governing employers and their employees in terms of the obligatory duties entrusted to each other in the employment contract. Generally, the Marxist theory seems to be against capitalism by bringing it out as the major cause of fundamental problems between employees and employers, since employees are not psychologically satisfied when their employers who work the least and gain the most (Cooper 2010: 264). As Cooper and Ellem (2008: 539) suggests, the adoption Unitarianism in traditional organizations is a prospective strategy meant to enhance cohesion between employees and their employer. According to unitary theory, organizations are considered as families where the employers and the employees are considered as being in harmony due to their favorable psychological contracts. In this case, loyalty between employees and the employers forms the main emphasis in this employer-employee relationship (Todd 2010: 312). With the society becoming quite dynamic, the contemporary Australian workplace remains no more under psychological contracts.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Employment Relations in Modern Australian Work Place specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With the establishment of employment relations in the contemporary society, employees can form unions capable of advocating for their rights. Particularly, employers in the contemporary society have no direct control of their employees, provided employment contract with their employees has been established. Considering the Employment Standards Act of 2001, employees are directly under the cover of the employer and the workers unions. This is to mean that, it is an obligatory duty of the organizational management to ensure the treatment of the employees with high respect in order to facilitate their efficiency in their work. Understanding the importance of a well motivated workforce has been an eminent issue in many organizations. Through unions, employees’ rights are communicated and procession of cases presented by employees. As Hearn-Mackinnon (2009: 358) reports National Labor Relations Association enhances collective bargaining power for all the employees bo th in the public and the private sector over their safety in their work places/areas. More specifically, unfair labor practices in the company should be the basis for the allegation in the court against its security of employees in its environs (Cooper et al 2009: 352). As depicted in the collective bargaining laws, the company falls guilty of having its working environment unsafe for its employees; through engaging single workers in isolated places without enough security lights According to Peetz Pocock (2009: 47), some of the highest priority Employee Relations areas in the currently globalized society are bargaining power in employee wages, safety in work, working hours and moral ethics. It is important to note that, an employee should be secure in his place of work by being exposed to secure work practices. More so, the employees should be paid well in accordance to their level of performance in the company. Further, the proximity of working duration among employees should be reviewed and be incorporated in the employee unions.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, the level of ethical considerations between the employees and the management should be reviewed and maintained as well. On this basis, the work place life has been found to be more liable to extrinsic factors, but not restricted to internal management practices by the HRM. As noted by Brigden (2009: 371), the contemporary Australian workplace seems to be guided by pluralistic theory. According to pluralistic theory, employees engage in formation of welfares and unions to form a bigger bargaining power in their organizations. As depicted by Chen et al (2008, 534), unity among employees reduces the chances of being oppressed by their employers, since they have a more unified system of actions. In this case, the psychological contract between employers and their employees should incorporate the employees’ freedom to form unions and other associations. Through formation of employee unions and welfare associations, employees get highly motivated (Brigden 2010: 329). T his makes them to become more efficient in production, which makes the organization to acquire competitive advantage in the currently competitive business environment. Mainly, the modern employee relationship seeks to establish democratic and informal relationship between employers and employees sustainably. As a result, a long-term cordial relationship between the employees and employers would be established, since the working environment is naturally friendly. It is important to note that, the modern Australian work place has largely employed radical pluralism. According to radical pluralism theory, management in organizations is considered as being irreconcilable with their employees in cases of differences. This is due to the tendency of the organizations to incorporate narrow range of employee demands. As revealed by Bingham (2007: 224), the possibility of employees to reconcile with their employee when employee needs are rarely fulfilled is quite low. As a result, performance in such organizations remains low, since the psychological contract between the employers and the employees has been violated, leading to low motivation among the employees. According to Blyton Turnbull (2004: 74) social organizations in the modern work places are portraying high social values to their fraternity so as to enhance co-existence which would in turn result into improvement of the performance of their workforce. In fact, Boxall Purcell (2011: 53) links an organization’s level of performance to the welfare of its employees; who are the ultimate determinants of the performance such an organization. Certainly, ethical considerations between employers and their employees is a very important consideration in their interaction within an organization. It should be noted that, when employees are treated with humanitarianism would feel that they are respected and be motivated in carrying out their various activities. In fact, the employees’ ability to develop posi tive attitude towards work would be attributed by their being accorded with high esteem by their employers. The current new management strategies in the modern organizations have seen significant changes in the organizational structures of various organizations. Merging, acquisition and restructuring have been dominant practices among various organizations in their pursuit to establish favorable work-life for their employees. In this case, various psychological contracts are established between the employees and their employers. As reported by Coyle-Shapiro (2005: 87), there are two main psychological contracts which include transactional and relational contracts. In transactional psychological contracts, short-run work relationships between employers and employees are established by having a certain set of obligations to be met. Notably, Peetz Pocock (2009: 49) considers transactional psychological contracts as being economically oriented as they are reasonably specific. This is d ue to their short-term nature as the employers seek to determine the reliability of their employees in terms of work commitment. With the introduction of strategic human resources management, it has been possible for organizations to conform to the industrial relations requirements. In Australia, the introduction of scientific management practices among organizations, consistency and coherence in designing and implementing strategic human resources management has been realized. Contingency framework of employee-employer relationships have been largely understood, making organizations comply with the requirements of the legislation and labor force acts for successful implementation of their strategic plans. As evidenced by Cooper and Ellem (2008: 541), the rationale of using cost-efficiency and the market requirements has been the ultimate strategy of realizing quality production as a result of a highly motivated employee body. The most critical perspective of the employee-employer r elationship is taken on the basis of how the external environment, including unions and associations, are impacting management practices by HRM, where employment contracts are largely employed. Breaching of these psychological contracts has been revealed to have large effect the overall organizational coherence between employees and the employer. Suppose the employer fails to subdue the agreement made in the employment terms, by either delaying payments or applying more strict work terms than agreed, employees are highly discouraged. By failing to conform to the expected behavior, employers usually cause lot interference in terms of trust to their employees. Such an act would be described as breaching of psychological contract since the employer would have failed to sustain the psychological requirements agreed during the time of employment. Brigden (2009: 375) considers the development of conflict between employers and employees as arousing from breaching of psychological contracts , but not necessarily on the basis of formal obligations. Conclusion With the rise of modernism, the Australian workforce has largely changed, where employers and employees are ultimately under legal formalities more than the psychological contracts previously employed in traditional organizations. As it has been revealed, equality in jobs allocation in terms of gender has been employed in the Australian Labor Laws, resulting into high control of employment terms by the legal formalities. Generally, the establishment of employment contract between the employers and employees is largely safeguarded by the existing employment relations laws. References List Ackers, P. (2002) Reframing Employment Relations: The Case for Neo-Pluralism.  Industrial Relations Journal, 33(1): 2-19. Bell, S. Head, B. (1994) ‘Australia’s Political Economy: Critical Themes and Issues.’ in B. Head S. Bell (eds), State, Economy and Public Policy in Australia, Oxford University Press, Mel bourne, pp. 1-21. Bingham, C. (2007). â€Å"Employee Relations and Managing the Employment Relationship,† In Porter, C. et al. (eds.), Exploring Human Resource Management. London: McGraw-Hill. 215-238 Brigden, C. (2009) Unions and Collective Bargaining in 2008. Journal of Industrial  Relations, 51(3): 365–78. Brigden, C. (2010) Unions and Collective Bargaining in 2009. Journal of Industrial  Relations, 52(3): 321-334. Blyton, P. Turnbull, P. (2004) The Dynamics of Employee Relations, 3rd edition. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 57-107. Boxall, P. Purcell, J. (2011), Strategy and Human Resource Management, 3rd ed. London: Basingstoke Publishers. 34-58 Cooper, R. (2010) The New Industrial Relations and International Economic Crisis: Australia in 2009. Journal of Industrial Relations, 52(2):261-274 Cooper, R. et al. (2009) Anti-unionism, Employer Strategy, and the Australian State, 1996–2005. Labor Studies Journal (US), vol.34:3, pp. 339-62. Cooper, R. and Elle m, B. (2008). The Neoliberal State, Trade Unions and Collective Bargaining in Australia. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 46(3) pp. 532–554 Coyle-Shapiro, J. (2005) The Employment Relationship: Examining Psychological and  Contextual Perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 85-93 Kaufman, B. (2008) Paradigms in Industrial Relations: Original, Modern and Versions In-Between. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 46(2):314–339. Todd, P. (2010) Employer and Employer Association Matters in 2009. The Journal of  Industrial Relations 52(3): 305-319. Hearn-Mackinnon, B. (2009) Employer matters in 2008. Journal of Industrial Relations, 51(3): 347-363. Peetz, D. Pocock, B. (2009) Workplace representatives and local power in Australia?  British Journal of Industrial Relations, 47.

Dissertation has to be on something from the 1900 onwards

Has to be on something from the 1900 onwards - Dissertation Example National Interest, 49, 3 – 9. 21 Abstract The Vietnam War is the singularly most important occurrence in the Cold War era, which was direct military fallout owing to the rising antagonism between the two superpowers, USA and USSR. This was keeping in line with the US anti-communist foreign policies observed during the Cuban Missile Crisis and Berlin Wall episode, and was a part of the various measures undertaken by US at that time to contain communism. However, unlike the Berlin wall and Cuban crises, Vietnam War reflects the ignominious defeat of US, and the price it had to pay in terms of psychological and actual monetary costs, still haunt the American socio-political milieu. The war was the longest in recent history, and stretched from 1955 to 1975, though, US came to be involved in this direct combat not until the early 1960s, and the consequences of this battle registered significantly in the minds of the American general public only during the last few years of the war. This article will analyze the Vietnam War and the far-reaching consequences that this war had in terms of subsequent US domestic and foreign policies. ... This war took place after the  First Indochina War,  and was fought between the communist USSR and its allies that had a stronghold in  North Vietnam; and South Vietnam supported by the anti-communist forces, led by U.S. (Spector,  1993). Vietnam at this time lay divided along the lines of a Communist-ruled North, and the US allied South; after Ho Chi Minh put an end to the French colonial rule in 1954, under the 1954 Green Peace Accords. Drawn just after the Korean War, this Geneva agreement was a temporary settlement accorded to bring peace, mainly on the part of the communist forces. Owing to international pressure put on USSR and the People's Republic of China, its allies in Vietnam agreed to temporarily divide the nation on the seventeenth parallel. Moscow and Peking at that time was not particularly willing to face another confrontation with the anti-communist forces, so soon after the Korean debacle. After the division, the south elected Ngo Dinh Diem, a pro US politic al leader, as their President; leading to direct confrontation between the communist supporters and the anti-communist state authority. With the communist forces trying to unite the country, and the north President’s forces bent on detracting the communist supporters, the tension between the two factions was omnipresent, and it inevitably broke out into, first, an indirect and undercover combat; and later after US intervention, into a full-scale war. The Vietnam People’s Army that engaged in direct combat and relied primarily on territorial warfare, represented North Vietnam; while a communist controlled South Vietnamese faction known as Viet Cong that operated right from the enemy’s territory, helped it to a great extent. The South Vietnamese forces and the anti communist allies

Brent Hayes Edwards's The Uses of Diaspora Essay

Brent Hayes Edwards's The Uses of Diaspora - Essay Example This research tells that Edwards has referred to W.E.B. Du Bois and Karl Marx to create a perspective for forming his treatise. Edwards summarizes the ways in which the concept of duality of Du Bois and idea of capitalism of Karl Marx can provide a useful model of African-American Studies that harmonizes African-centred cultural issues with the certain political and economic necessities confronting Blacks in different parts of the world. Moreover, similar to Du Bois, Edwards tries to engross the discipline in a critical historical foundation, whether it is political science, cultural, sociological, or literary-focused while taking into account the large-scale impacts of racial-capitalism. Edwards seized the opportunity to show the debated feature of the national focus in African-American Studies. He tried to substantiate that there remains a lot of diversity and disparity among scholars of African-American Studies who use the United States as their main focus. Edwards’s defini tion provides credibility to political and cultural relations between the Diaspora and Africa. For instance, understood on its own terms, the Haitian Revolution shows the different ways the Black people acted in response to their places in the world. The article by Edwards, in relation to this, claims that the failure of migrants to assimilate completely into the nation and culture of Haiti permanently marked how several Black people view themselves with respect to Haitians. The ideas of emigrants of being an ‘African’ were thwarted together with the movement, since in Haiti they not merely faced religious, environmental, and economic problems, but a strange racial atmosphere as well. A number of African Americans started to express, specifically, a multifaceted diasporan awareness which embraces both cultural diversities and racial commonalities between Black peoples in the United States. By the advent of the period of antebellum, African Americans certainly regarded t hemselves as part of an African Diaspora. Basically, the argument of Edwards opens an opportunity for the understanding of the connection between the Diaspora and Africa that is rooted in historical experiences, collective intellectual past, political relations, and cultural ties, without the one dominating the others. Furthermore, Edwards’s argument, which relies on ‘basic interrelationships’ and the notion of the ‘African world’, implies continuously developing interconnections between the Diaspora and Africa that transcend a stagnant customary Africa, or a focus on Africa that is entirely founded on the Black experience.